Untuk apa Future Perfect Tense ?

Future perfect tense menyatakan tentang sebuah peristiwa A yang terjadi sebelum peristiwa B, dimana keduanya di terjadi pada masa mendatang.

Contoh

• The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.

The train will have left when you arrive.
past	present	future
		Train leaves in future at 9am.
9   9.15
		You arrive in future at 9.15am.

Contoh lainnya :

• You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.

• They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.

• "Mary won’t be at home when you arrive."
  "Really? Where will she have gone?"

Antara Present Perfect Tense dengan Future Perfect Tense

present perfect tense				future perfect tense
	| have | done | > |					will | have | done | > |
past	now	future		past	now	future

 

Menuliskan Future Perfect Tense?

I will have sung

 

The structure of the future perfect tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	auxiliary verb HAVE	+	main verb
		invariable		invariable		past participle
		will		have		V3

 

 

Contoh :

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		have	finished	by 10am.
+	You	will		have	forgotten	me by then.
–	She	will	not	have	gone	to school.
–	We	will	not	have	left.
?	Will	you		have	arrived?
?	Will	they		have	received	it?

Cara menggunakan Future Continuous Tense?

 

Future continuous tense menyatakan tentang sebuah peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat tertentu di masa mendatang.

Peristiwa tersebut akan dimulai sebelum saat tertentu yang dimaksud, namun akan masih  berlangsung terjadi.

 

Contoh :  tomorrow I will start work at 2pm and stop work at 6pm:

At 4pm tomorrow, I will be working.
past	present	future
4pm
		At 4pm, I will be in the middle of working.

 

Contoh lagi :

• I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
• They won’t be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
• What will you be doing at 10pm tonight?
• What will you be doing when I arrive?
• She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
• We ‘ll be having dinner when the film starts.
• Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return

Mari menulis Future Continuous Tense

I will be singing

Strukturnya :

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	auxiliary verb BE	+	main verb
		invariable		invariable		present participle
		will		be		base + ing

 

 

Contoh:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		be	working	at 10am.
+	You	will		be	lying	on a beach tomorrow.
–	She	will	not	be	using	the car.
–	We	will	not	be	having	dinner at home.
?	Will	you		be	playing	football?
?	Will	they		be	watching	TV?

 

 

We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.

Menggunakan Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 

Past perfect continuous tense ini punya kemiripan dengan past perfect tense, yaitu terjadi di masa lampau, nah, yang membedakannya adalah past perfect continuous tense ini menyatakan bila peristiwa tersebut terjadi dalam durasi waktu yang lebih panjang, dan terjadi sebelum peristiwa lainnya terjadi (keduanya sama sama terjadi di masa lampau)

contoh :

• Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours.

 

Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.
past	present	future
Ram starts waiting in past at 9am.
9   11
I arrive in past at 11am.

 

contoh lainnya :

• John was very tired. He had been running.
• I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking.
• Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised. It had not been running well for a long time.
• Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?

 

Past perfect continuous tense ini serupa dengan dengan present perfect continuous tense, hanya berbeda pada konteks waktu, yaitu waktu terjadinya peristiwa adalah di masa lampau (now the time is past)….

 

past perfect continuous tense				present perfect continuous tense
had | been | doing | >>>> |	| | | |			| | | |	have | been | doing | >>>> |
past	now	future		past	now	future

 

Sebagai contoh : anggap saja anda berjanji untuk menemui Kekasih Hati pada pukul 11.00 am.

Kekasih Hati berkata kepada anda :

• "I am angry. I have been waiting for two hours."

 

kemudian anda menceritakan peristiwa ini (Kekasih Hati marah karena sudah menunggu anda selama 2 jam )

• "Kekasih Hati was angry. He had been waiting for two hours."

Mencari tau apa itu Past Perfect Continuous Tense

I had been singing

Strukturnya begini loh :

subject	+	auxiliary verb HAVE	+	auxiliary verb BE	+	main verb
	conjugated in simple past tense		past participle		present participle
had	been	base + ing

 

contoh penulisan :

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	had		been	working.
+	You	had		been	playing	tennis.
–	It	had	not	been	working	well.
–	We	had	not	been	expecting	her.
?	Had	you		been	drinking?
?	Had	they		been	waiting	long?

 

contoh lain :

I had been	I’d been
you had been	you’d been
he had she had been it had been	he’d been she’d been it’d been
we had been	we’d been
they had been	they’d been

Kapan Bisa Menggunakan Past Perfect Tense?

 

Past perfect tense itu digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu sebelum terjadinya peristiwa lainnya, yang juga terjadi di masa lalu. (bisa juga kita bilang kalo tenses ini adalah past tense dari past tense)

contoh :

• The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

The train had left when we arrived.
past	present	future
Train leaves in past at 9am.
9   9.15
We arrive in past at 9.15am.

 

perhatikan contoh lainnya, ya :

 

• I wasn’t hungry. I had just eaten.
• They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
• I didn’t know who he was. I had never seen him before.
• "Mary wasn’t at home when I arrived."
  "Really? Where had she gone?"

 

Kadang kita berpikir bahwa past perfect tense itu punya kemiripan dengan present perfect tense, dengan perkecualian bahwa waktu yang menunjukkan saat ini adalah terjadi di masa lalu.

 

past perfect tense				present perfect tense
had | done | > |					have | done | > |
past	now	future		past	now	future

 

Sebagai contoh : liat yuk situasi berikut :

imagine that you arrive at the station at 9.15am. The stationmaster says to you:

• "You are too late. The train has left."

Later, you tell your friends:

• "We were too late. The train had left."

 

Kita sering juga menggunakan past perfect tense dalam kalimat yang peliputan seperti said, told, asked, thought, wondered:

 

Contoh lagi, ya :

• He told us that the train had left.
• I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
• He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain.
• I wondered if I had been there before.
• I asked them why they had not finished.

Bagaimana sih Past Perfect Tense itu ?

 

Strukturnya seperti ini :

 

subject	+	auxiliary verb HAVE	+	main verb
	conjugated in simple past tense		past participle
had	V3

 

Contoh :

 

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	had		finished	my work.
+	You	had		stopped	before me.
–	She	had	not	gone	to school.
–	We	had	not	left.
?	Had	you		arrived?
?	Had	they		eaten	dinner?

 

Cara lain dalam menuliskan subject dan auxiliary verb:

I had	I’d
you had	you’d
he had she had it had	he’d she’d it’d
we had	we’d
they had	they’d

 

The ‘d juga digunakan untuk would. Contoh : penulisan we’d bisa berarti : We had or We would   meski begitu, bentuk verb-nya itu berbeda, ya contoh : We had arrived (past participle) We would arrive (base)

Past Continuous Tense + Simple Past Tense ? ini apa, ya…

 

Dalam banyak situasi, kita sering menggunakan past continuous tense bersamaan dengan simple past tense, yaitu saat kita mendeskripsikan peristiwa yang berlangsung dalam periode waktu yang lama (kita pake past continuous tense) dimana pada rentang waktu yang lama tersebut, terjadi peristiwa lainnya dalam durasi waktu yang pendek (nah, disini kita pake past tense)

Untuk bisa seperti itu, kita manfaatkan when atau while

 

contoh:

1. long action (watching TV),                    –> past continuous tense
2. short action (telephoned),                     – > simple past tense

 

past	present	future
Long action.
I was watching TV at 8pm. 8pm     You telephoned at 8pm.
Short action.

 

 

Kita dapat menggabungkan kedua peristiwa di atas dengan menggunakan when:

• I was watching TV when you telephoned.

 

(perhatikan bahwa "when you telephoned" juga menjelaskan waktu saat peristiwa itu terjadi [8pm].)

 

 

Kita gunakan :

• when + short action (simple past tense)
• while + long action (past continuous tense)

 

 

Sebagai pelengkap, lihat, ya, tabel berikut :

 

	I was walking past the car	when	it exploded.
When	the car exploded		I was walking past it.
	The car exploded	while	I was walking past it.
While	I was walking past the car		it exploded.

 

Perhatikan, ya, pada tabel di atas, definisi long action dan short action adalah relatif.

 

• "Watching TV" perlu waktu berjam-jam.  "Telephoned" hanya perlu waktu bermenit-menit.
• "Walking past the car" perlu waktu beberapa detik saja. "Exploded" hanya perlu waktu beberapa milidetik.

Tau dong cara menggunakan Past Continuous Tense ?

 

Seperti dikutip di posting sebelumnya, past continous tense dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

 

contoh itu wajib :

 

At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV.
past	present	future
8pm
At 8pm, I was in the middle of watching TV.

 

Ketika kita menggunakan past continuous tense,  orang yang mendengarkan percakapan kita, secara umum mengetahui kapan waktu yang dimaksud oleh kita.

 

contoh lagi :

• I was working at 10pm last night.
• They were not playing football at 9am this morning.
• What were you doing at 10pm last night?
• What were you doing when he arrived?
• She was cooking when I telephoned her.
• We were having dinner when it started to rain.
• Ram went home early because it was snowing.

 

Kita juga sering menemukan bila past continuous tense dapat digunakan untuk “set the scene” atau membentuk adegan pada cerita, untuk mendeskripsikan situasi yang menjadi latar tempat terjadinya suatu peristiwa.

 

contoh :

" James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone box…"